On
Thursday, July 22, a federal court jury found that
Cornell University's
Weill Medical College and a former faculty member submitted false
claims to the National Institutes of Health on three separate occasions
from 1999-2001 arising from a grant designed to train neuropsychologists
for a research career in HIV/AIDS.
The grant was awarded
by the NIH from funds specifically allocated by Congress for HIV/AIDS
research. A clinical neuropsychologist then at Cornell, Wilfred van Gorp, now at Columbia,
applied for a training grant from NIH, promising to train post-doctoral
fellows committed to a career in research in the neuropsychology of
HIV/AIDS.
One of those fellows, Daniel Feldman, brought suit under a federal whistleblower statute, known as the False Claims Act, alleging that van Gorp and Cornell
instead used the funds for inappropriate purposes, including requiring
the fellows to see an excess of private fee-for-service patients with
other medical conditions. At trial, Dr. Feldman showed that of
approximately 160 clinical patients seen by the fellows over five years
on the NIH-grant, only three patients were HIV- positive. Instead of
seeing HIV- patients, the fellows often evaluated "medicolegal" cases,
referred by insurance companies or attorneys who were in litigation over
disability or worker's compensation claims, or criminal defendants.
Indeed, Dr. van Gorp was well-known for his expert witness testimonies for the defense of several high-profile criminal defendants in New York during that period, including mob boss Vincente Gigante and Andrew Goldstein, the "subway pusher."
The jury specifically found that, over the course of the five-year grant, Dr. van Gorp and Cornell
knowingly submitted three progress reports containing false or
fraudulent statements to NIH in order to continue the funding of the
grant. The original grant application had described a rich program of
faculty and research resources, along with a detailed core curriculum,
including courses in HIV/AIDS. Dr. Feldman and his counsel, Michael J. Salmanson, of Salmanson Goldshaw, P.C. of Philadelphia,
argued during the course of the 8-day trial that the original grant
application and the subsequent progress reports contained numerous false
statements designed to convince NIH to originally secure and then
continue the funding.
Dr. Feldman agreed that
the fellows had spent some of their time in research-related
activities, but at least as much of that activity was related to
medicolegal research as it was to HIV. Indeed, Dr. van Gorp
had argued in his initial grant application to the NIH that clinical
work is a "springboard" for developing research activities, and
considering the disproportionate number of medicolegal cases that the
fellows evaluated, the focus of the their research followed. Other key
issues argued in the suit over the grant application and its progress
reports were formal HIV-courses that were never taught, key faculty on
the grant who were never introduced to the fellows, and a breadth of
HIV-research to which the fellows were never exposed.
Although the jury
concluded that the original application and the first progress report,
which were submitted prior to the arrival of the fellows, did not
contain any materially false statements, it apparently decided that once
the training program was underway, the defendants falsely described the
fellows' actual activities under the grant in a way that was capable of
influencing the government to continue the funding.
Defendants denied
making any false statements, and contended that, based on the subsequent
career paths of the fellows, the grant had achieved its ultimate
objective. They argued that the program was akin to a car trip, and
that it did not matter what route one took, as long as some of the
fellows ultimately arrived at the desired destination - a career in
HIV-related research.
In his closing
argument, Salmanson responded by asking the jurors to imagine that they
had bought a car for a trip to California. Although they make it to California,
they then discover that the seller had rolled back the odometer to
misrepresent the mileage. Salmanson argued, in essence, "Just because
you made it across the country, does that mean you haven't been
defrauded? Of course you have." The nine jurors apparently agreed.
The issue of damages must now be decided by Judge William H. Pauley III,
who presided over the trial. Judge Pauley had previously ruled that
the proper measure of damages is the amount of money paid by NIH as the
result of the false claims. Based upon the verdict, that is expected to
be several hundred thousand dollars which, under the False Claims Act,
will be automatically tripled. Although the bulk of the money is
returned to the government, Dr. Feldman will be entitled to what is
known as a "relator's share" of the funds as a reward for bringing the
fraud to the government's attention. Defendants are also liable for
reimbursement of his attorneys' fees and costs, which over the seven
years of litigation since the case was filed in 2003, has reached
several hundred thousand dollars.
Cornell was represented by Tracey Tiska, Brian Black and Eva Dietz at Hogan Lovells, Llp in New York. Dr. van Gorp was represented by Nina Beattie of Brune & Richard. Hogan Lovells had represented Cornell/Weill in two other whistleblower fraud cases. One of those cases had been settled in part last year for $2.6 million, although the case is still ongoing. In 2005, the New York City-based medical school paid a $4.4 million settlement to resolve charges raised by Kyriakie Sarafoglou, a pediatric endocrinologist, that it was using part of a $23 million NIH research grant for private patient care.
Dr. Feldman says he is relieved that the case has finally been decided, having first raised concerns to Dr. van Gorp and Cornell
during his fellowship from 1998-1999. In the ensuing years, he was
compelled to abandon his academic career. In 2003, Dr. Feldman went
into the pharmaceutical industry where he has built a successful second
career. In 2008, Dr. Feldman was elected President of the
Pharmaceutical Management Science Association and last year he was
awarded the Pharmaceutical Market Researcher of the Year Award from the
Pharmaceutical Market Research Group. Happily, he resides with his
partner near Princeton, NJ, where they rescue animals and do organic gardening.
Despite the outcome of
the trial, Dr. Feldman is still disappointed by the lack of oversight of
billions of taxpayer dollars awarded by the NIH to large academic
institutions. He feels that this remains a larger, unresolved issue.
"And being a federal whistleblower is not something you undertake
without tremendous sacrifice. Whistleblowers have to be willing to risk
their careers, lose many of their work and social relationships, and
wait for many years for justice. In the end, prevailing certainly feels
great and worth the cost to do the right thing."